Contribution of alpha-synuclein pathology to cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with amnestic MCI

Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Oct;20(10):7411-7419. doi: 10.1002/alz.14151. Epub 2024 Aug 23.

Abstract

Introduction: The in vivo detection of mixed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and α-synuclein (αSyn) pathology is important for clinical management and prognostic stratification. We investigated the contribution of αSyn pathology, detected by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seed amplification assay (αSyn SAA), on [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) pattern in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods: We included 562 aMCI participants and 204 cognitively normal controls (CN) with available αSyn SAA and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose utilization (rCMRgl) data.

Results: 24% of aMCI cases were positive (+) for CSF αSyn SAA. Compared to CN, both αSyn+ and negative (-) aMCI participants showed reductions in rCMRgl within AD typical regions. αSyn+ aMCI had lower rCMRgl within AD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) typical regions compared to αSyn- aMCI, even after stratification according to the CSF AT(N) system.

Discussion: αSyn pathology contributes to a distinct FDG PET pattern in aMCI.

Highlights: αSyn pathology can be detected in vivo by CSF αSyn SAA. We investigated the FDG PET pattern in aMCI patients with CSF αSyn SAA positivity. αSyn+ aMCI showed a marked brain hypometabolism in AD and DLB typical regions.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Lewy body disease; PET; biomarker.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Alzheimer Disease / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Alzheimer Disease / diagnostic imaging
  • Alzheimer Disease / metabolism
  • Alzheimer Disease / pathology
  • Amnesia / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Amnesia / diagnostic imaging
  • Amnesia / metabolism
  • Biomarkers / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Brain / pathology
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / metabolism
  • Female
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Glucose* / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Lewy Body Disease / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Lewy Body Disease / diagnostic imaging
  • Lewy Body Disease / metabolism
  • Lewy Body Disease / pathology
  • Male
  • Positron-Emission Tomography
  • alpha-Synuclein* / cerebrospinal fluid
  • alpha-Synuclein* / metabolism

Substances

  • alpha-Synuclein
  • Biomarkers
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Glucose