On Polynomial Recursive Sequences

Theory Comput Syst. 2024;68(4):593-614. doi: 10.1007/s00224-021-10046-9. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Abstract

We study the expressive power of polynomial recursive sequences, a nonlinear extension of the well-known class of linear recursive sequences. These sequences arise naturally in the study of nonlinear extensions of weighted automata, where (non)expressiveness results translate to class separations. A typical example of a polynomial recursive sequence is b n = n!. Our main result is that the sequence u n = n n is not polynomial recursive.

Keywords: Expressive power; Higher-order pushdown automata; Recursive sequences; Weighted automata.