One year of COVID-19: A longitudinal study of individual and relational factors of psychological adjustment of individuals living in a romantic relationship in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic

J Marital Fam Ther. 2024 Oct;50(4):1005-1025. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12734. Epub 2024 Aug 26.

Abstract

This longitudinal study explored the impact of COVID-19 on individuals in romantic relationships. The sample spans three waves: first confinement (n = 52), deconfinement (n = 49), and second confinement (n = 26). The study tested sociodemographic factors, psychological adjustment (anxiety, depression, stress, well-being), COVID-19 threat perception, dyadic coping, and relationship quality. Results from repeated measures ANOVA and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) models revealed a decline in anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, coupled with improved relationship quality over time. Well-being and dyadic coping remained stable, while COVID-19 threat perception increased. QCA models emphasized the predictive power of initial mental states (anxiety, depression, stress, and well-being at W1) on subsequent adjustment. Notably, shorter relationship duration, healthcare worker status, and not having children, when combined with prior mental states, explained increased symptoms and diminished well-being. The study underscores the significance of addressing these factors in individuals navigating romantic relationships during the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID‐19 threat perception; dyadic coping; fsQCA; longitudinal study; psychological adjustment; relationship quality.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Psychological*
  • Adult
  • Anxiety* / psychology
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / psychology
  • Depression* / psychology
  • Emotional Adjustment*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interpersonal Relations*
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Portugal
  • Stress, Psychological / psychology
  • Young Adult