Preparation of alginate/vermiculite composite functionalized with silanol group for controlled drug delivery: Effect of CaCl2 concentration, release kinetics, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;279(Pt 2):134944. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134944. Epub 2024 Aug 30.

Abstract

In this study, alginate/vermiculite (Alg/VMT) hydrogel with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (Alg/VSN) and tetraethoxysilane (Alg/VS) synthesized with various concentrations of CaCl2 (10 %-15 %-20 % M) to extend the release of 6-Aminopenicillanic acid (AP). Composites characterized by XRD, FTIR and BET. The result of Alg/VS composite shows an excellent loading of 243.90 mg/g through AP intercalated in the VMT layer. The equilibrium and Kinetic studies indicated that AP adsorption on Alg/VS and Alg/VSN was heterogeneous with chemical interaction. The in-vitro release Alg/VS showed a rapid burst release of 14 % in the first half an hour and only 75 % of the drug remained in the composite. Whereas, the in-vitro release Alg/VSN showed substantially less burst release with the cumulative release of 9 % (in the first 0.5 h). In-vitro release kinetics in the presence of CaCl2 concentrations showed that maximum 19 % of AP released within 12 h. The kinetic release was followed by a controlled release pattern (Korsmeyer-Peppas model) with Fick's law mechanism. The composites behaved as barriers against cell growth and had better biocompatibility against standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus. MTT assay results from per cent cell viability composites modified by silanol groups were 96 % the means samples were nontoxic. The types of newly synthesized composites were able to finely decrease cell toxicity and improve AP release in vitro.

Keywords: 6-Aminopenicillanic acid; Alginate/vermiculite; Drug delivery.

MeSH terms

  • Alginates* / chemistry
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
  • Calcium Chloride* / chemistry
  • Delayed-Action Preparations / pharmacology
  • Drug Carriers / chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Drug Liberation*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogels / chemistry
  • Kinetics
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Propylamines / chemistry
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / drug effects
  • Silanes* / chemistry

Substances

  • Alginates
  • Silanes
  • Calcium Chloride
  • Delayed-Action Preparations
  • silanol
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Drug Carriers
  • Hydrogels
  • amino-propyl-triethoxysilane
  • Propylamines