Awareness, knowledge and challenges faced by beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana with special reference to eyecare in three districts of Uttar Pradesh state: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: The aim was to analyse the knowledge and awareness regarding Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) within the operational districts of two high-volume non-profit eye organisations in Uttar Pradesh. Challenges faced by beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries are also examined.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey from November 2021 to April 2022 was conducted across operational districts of organisations A and B. Cluster sampling was used to select participants in randomly selected villages with 200 or more households, within 10-15 km of existing vision centres. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data. The means of AB-PMJAY indicators were estimated. Awareness was estimated as a summed score. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to check the effects of the socio-economic and socio-demographic factors on the awareness of AB-PMJAY for both organisations separately and together.

Results: A total of 1151 participants were interviewed: 52.9% from the catchment area of organisation A and 47.1% from that of organisation B. From the catchment of organisations A and B, 82.6% and 22.9% participants, respectively, had heard of the scheme, mostly from family and friends. Whereas 43% interviewees from the catchment area of organisation A and 8.5% from that of organisation B had knowledge about at least one topic, only 8.5% and 2.8%, respectively, were knowledgeable about all topics. Village effect was found to be significant for most of the knowledge and awareness indicators in both catchments. Only 37.8% and 20.2% of the catchment from organisations A and B, respectively, were AB-PMJAY cardholders. Of the services availed, 50% were cataract surgery. Almost 40% of the applicants faced some challenges while securing the AB-PMJAY card and 9% while using the AB-PMJAY card. Family income was found to be the only common predictor of knowledge at both locations.

Conclusion: Varied awareness and limited knowledge in catchment villages put the onus on community eyecare organisations to spread awareness in their catchment, which may increase the uptake and utilisation of the scheme.