Identification of sesquiterpene aldehydes as volatile antifungal compounds in Phaeolepiota aurea culture filtrate

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2024 Nov 22;88(12):1395-1402. doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbae125.

Abstract

The culture filtrate extract of golden bootleg (Phaeolepiota aurea) exhibited strong antifungal activity in a bioassay for volatile compounds. Purification of active compounds through silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography isolated two compounds, 1 and 2, with molecular weights of 234 and 259, respectively, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis identified these compounds as new sesquiterpenoids with the α-bourbonene skeleton. Both compounds had an aldehyde group, while 2 possessed a cyanohydrin group. These compounds were named phaeolep aldehydes A (1) and B (2). Phaeolep aldehyde A inhibited hyphae elongation of Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Alternaria brassicicola at 10 ppm, but did not exhibit any antibacterial activity. In contrast, phaeolep aldehyde B exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the spore germination of Pe. citrinum, achieving 58.2% inhibition at 0.25 ppm, outperforming phaeolep aldehyde A, which exhibited 25.7% inhibition at 10 ppm.

Keywords: Phaeolepiota aurea; cyanohydrin; mushroom; sesquiterpenoid; volatile antifungal compounds.

MeSH terms

  • Aldehydes* / chemistry
  • Aldehydes* / isolation & purification
  • Aldehydes* / pharmacology
  • Antifungal Agents* / chemistry
  • Antifungal Agents* / isolation & purification
  • Antifungal Agents* / pharmacology
  • Ascomycota / chemistry
  • Ascomycota / drug effects
  • Hyphae / drug effects
  • Hyphae / growth & development
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Penicillium / chemistry
  • Penicillium / drug effects
  • Sesquiterpenes* / chemistry
  • Sesquiterpenes* / isolation & purification
  • Sesquiterpenes* / pharmacology
  • Spores, Fungal / drug effects
  • Volatile Organic Compounds / chemistry
  • Volatile Organic Compounds / isolation & purification
  • Volatile Organic Compounds / pharmacology

Substances

  • Aldehydes
  • Antifungal Agents
  • Sesquiterpenes
  • Volatile Organic Compounds