Effects of word presentation during treadmill walking on episodic memory and gait

Psychol Sport Exerc. 2025 Jan:76:102728. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102728. Epub 2024 Sep 6.

Abstract

Entrainment emerges when oscillatory movements synchronize with environmental stimuli processing. The purpose of this experiment was to assess how cognitive-motor entrainment during a dual-task would influence the quality of gait and affect episodic long-term memory. Twenty-one participants (22.56 y/o; 64 % F) walked at preferred paces while listening to 40-item word lists. In separate sessions, unique word lists were presented predictably on every fourth stride, unpredictably related to stepping, or predictably while standing. Memory tests administered 24-hr after encoding revealed that predictable word presentation led to better free-recall performance than unpredicted (p = .044); recognition memory was not impacted. Gait phase parameters during the predicted condition were more stable than the unpredicted condition or baseline assessments. Cognitive-motor entrainment may alleviate dual-task costs and enhance memory retention.

Keywords: Cognitive motor interference; Dual-task; Episodic memory; Free-recall memory; Physical activity and cognition; Recognition memory.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Exercise Test
  • Female
  • Gait* / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Memory, Episodic*
  • Mental Recall / physiology
  • Recognition, Psychology / physiology
  • Walking* / physiology
  • Young Adult