Risk of Paradoxical Rheumatoid Arthritis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Exposed to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Propensity-Matched Multicenter Study

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ² Center for Clinical Research, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ³ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
• ⁴ Digestive Health Institute, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁵ Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.