Vietnamese health professionals' views on the status of the fetus and maternal and fetal health interests: A regional, cross-sectional study from the Hanoi area

PLoS One. 2024 Sep 11;19(9):e0310029. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310029. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Obstetric ultrasound is an important tool in managing pregnancies and its use is increasing globally. However, the status of the pregnant woman and the fetus may vary in terms of clinical management, views in the community and legislation. To investigate the views and experiences of Vietnamese health professionals on maternal and fetal health interests, priority setting and potential conflicts, we conducted a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire. Obstetricians/gynecologists, midwives and sonographers who manage pregnant women in maternity wards were invited to participate. We purposively chose public health facilities in the Hanoi region of Vietnam to obtain a representative sample. The final sample included 882 health professionals, of which 32.7% (n = 289) were obstetricians/gynecologists, 60.7% (n = 535) midwives and 6.6% (n = 58) sonographers. The majority of participants (60.3%) agreed that "The fetus is a person from the time of conception" and that maternal health interests should always be prioritised over fetal health interests in care provided (54.4%). 19.7% agreed that the fetus is never a patient, only the pregnant woman can be the patient, while 60.5% disagreed. Participants who performed ultrasounds were more likely to agree that fetal health interests are being given more weight in decision-making the further the gestation advances compared to those who did not perform ultrasounds (cOR 2.47, CI 1.27-4.79: n = 811). A significant proportion of health professionals in Vietnam assign the fetus the status of being a person, where personhood gradually evolves during pregnancy. While the fetus is often considered a patient with its own health interests, a majority of participants did give priority to maternal health interests. Health professionals appear to favour increased legal protection of the fetus. Strengthening the legal status of the fetus might have adverse implications for maternal autonomy. Measures to restrict maternal autonomy might require close observation to ensure that maternal reproductive rights are protected.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Attitude of Health Personnel*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Fetus*
  • Health Personnel* / psychology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Maternal Health
  • Middle Aged
  • Pregnancy
  • Southeast Asian People
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Ultrasonography, Prenatal
  • Vietnam

Grants and funding

Financial support was received from Umeå University www.umu.se (IM), Västerbotten County Council www.regionvasterbotten.se (IM), the Swedish Research Council www.vr.se, Sweden (2014-2672) (IM), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) www.forte.se (IM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.