Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan based oleanolic acid nanofibers against bacterial infection: In vitro studies and in vivo evaluation by optical and laser Doppler imaging modalities

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;279(Pt 4):135532. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135532. Epub 2024 Sep 10.

Abstract

The present work focuses on the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-loaded oleanolic acid-nanofibers (PVA-CS-OLA-NFs) for bacterial infection. The prepared PVA-CS-OLA-NFs were characterized for contact angle, SEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. The solid-state characterization and in vitro performance evaluation of nanofibers reveal consistent interconnection and diameters ranging from 102 ± 9.5 to 386 ± 11.6 nm. The nanofibers have a flat surface topography and exhibit efficient drug entrapment. Moreover, the in vitro release profile of PVA-CS-OLA-NFs was found to be 51.82 ± 1.49 % at 24 h. Furthermore, the hemocompatibility study showed that the developed PVA-CS-OLA-NFs are non-hemolytic to human blood. The PVA-CS-OLA-NFs demonstrate remarkable antibacterial capabilities, as evidenced by their MBC and MIC values, which range from 128 and 32 μg/mL, against the strains of S. aureus. The in-vivo fluorescence optical imaging showed the sustained PVA-CS-OLA-NFs release at the wound site infected with S. aureus for a longer duration of time. Moreover, the PVA-CS-OLA-NFs showed superior wound healing performance against S. aureus infected wounds compared to the marketed formulation. Further, the laser Doppler imaging system improved oxygen saturation, blood supply, and wound healing by providing real-time blood flow and oxygen saturation information.

Keywords: Bacterial infection; Chitosan; Electrospinning; Nanofibers; Oleanolic acid; S. aureus; Topical delivery.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
  • Chitosan* / chemistry
  • Chitosan* / pharmacology
  • Drug Liberation
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Nanofibers* / chemistry
  • Oleanolic Acid* / chemistry
  • Oleanolic Acid* / pharmacology
  • Optical Imaging / methods
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol* / chemistry
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol* / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Staphylococcus aureus* / drug effects

Substances

  • Chitosan
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Oleanolic Acid