Elevated plasma levels of IP-10 and MIG are early predictors of loss of control among elite HIV controllers

Eva Poveda; Wendy Fitzgerald; Jacobo Alonso-Domínguez; José Aguayo-Arjona; Ana Mariño; Hortensia Álvarez; Nieves Valcarce; Alexandre Pérez; Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos; Leonid Margolis; Michael M Lederman; Michael L Freeman

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1446730

Elevated plasma levels of IP-10 and MIG are early predictors of loss of control among elite HIV controllers

Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 29:15:1446730. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1446730. eCollection 2024.

Affiliations

¹ Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
² Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
³ Statistics and Methodology Unit, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
⁴ Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain.
⁵ Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
⁶ Faculty of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.

Abstract

Plasma cytokine levels were quantified among 30 persons with HIV (PWH) identified as elite controllers (15 transient controllers [studied a median of 1.38 years before losing viral control] and 15 persistent controllers). Thirty antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive PWH, 30 ART-treated PWH with undetectable viremia, and 30 HIV-uninfected controls also were studied. Higher levels of cytokines were recognized among PWH than among controls, with EC displaying the highest levels. Elevated levels of IP-10 and MIG were identified among transient controllers as predictors of the loss of viral control. These findings offer feasible biomarkers for predicting virologic outcome and loss of control in EC.

Keywords: HIV; IP-10; MIG; elite controllers; functional cure.

MeSH terms

Adult
Biomarkers* / blood
Chemokine CXCL10* / blood
Chemokine CXCL9* / blood
Female
HIV Infections* / blood
HIV Infections* / drug therapy
HIV Infections* / immunology
HIV Infections* / virology
HIV Long-Term Survivors
HIV-1 / immunology
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Viral Load

Substances

Chemokine CXCL10
Biomarkers
CXCL10 protein, human
Chemokine CXCL9
CXCL9 protein, human

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/02159, BA18/00034, PI19/00747, PI19/01127, PI22/01796, PI22/01341, CM20/00243) and co-funded by European Regional Development Fund, “A way to make Europe”; Red Española de Investigación en SIDA (RD16/0025/0026, RD16/0025/0020); Fundación Biomédica Galicia Sur; HIV Biobank-Spanish HIV/AIDS Network; Case Western Reserve University Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research (AI036219); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Intramural Program ZIA HD008968-05), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.