Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging identifies metabolic phenotypes in patients with heart failure

J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2024;26(2):101095. doi: 10.1016/j.jocmr.2024.101095. Epub 2024 Sep 11.

Abstract

Background: Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (HP [1-13C]pyruvate CMR) visualizes key steps in myocardial metabolism. The present study aimed to examine patients with heart failure (HF) using HP [1-13C]pyruvate CMR.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with HF and healthy controls using HP [1-13C]pyruvate CMR. Metabolic imaging was obtained using a cardiac-gated spectral-spatial excitation with spiral read-out acquisition. The metabolite signal was analyzed for lactate, bicarbonate, and the alanine signal. Metabolite signal was normalized to the total carbon signal (TC). At the 1-year follow-up, echocardiography was performed in all patients and HP [1-13C]pyruvate MRI in two patients.

Results: We included six patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), six with dilated cardiomyopathy, and six healthy controls. In patients, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) correlated with lactate/bicarbonate (r = -0.6, p = 0.03) and lactate/TC (r = -0.7, p = 0.01). In patients with LVEF <30%, lactate/TC was increased (p = 0.01) and bicarbonate/TC reduced (p = 0.03). Circumferential strain correlated with metabolite ratios: lactate/bicarbonate, r = 0.87 (p = 0.0002); lactate/TC, r = 0.85 (p = 0.0005); bicarbonate/TC, r = -0.82 (p = 0.001). In patients with IHD, a strong correlation was found between baseline metabolite ratios and the change in LVEF at follow-up: lactate/bicarbonate (p = 0.001), lactate/TC (p = 0.011), and bicarbonate/TC (p = 0.012).

Conclusions: This study highlighted the ability of HP [1-13C]pyruvate CMR to detect changes in metabolism in HF. HP [1-13C]pyruvate CMR has the potential for metabolic phenotyping of patients with HF and for predicting treatment response.

Trial registration: EUDRACT, 2018-003533-15. Registered December 4, 2018, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2018-003533-15.

Keywords: Cardiac metabolism; Heart failure; Hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging; Metabolic imaging.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Alanine
  • Bicarbonates* / metabolism
  • Biomarkers*
  • Carbon Isotopes
  • Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / diagnostic imaging
  • Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / metabolism
  • Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / physiopathology
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Energy Metabolism
  • Female
  • Heart Failure* / diagnostic imaging
  • Heart Failure* / metabolism
  • Heart Failure* / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Lactic Acid / metabolism
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Myocardial Ischemia / diagnostic imaging
  • Myocardial Ischemia / metabolism
  • Myocardial Ischemia / physiopathology
  • Myocardium* / metabolism
  • Myocardium* / pathology
  • Phenotype*
  • Predictive Value of Tests*
  • Pyruvic Acid* / metabolism
  • Stroke Volume*
  • Time Factors
  • Ventricular Function, Left*

Substances

  • Bicarbonates
  • Pyruvic Acid
  • Biomarkers
  • Lactic Acid
  • Carbon Isotopes
  • Alanine