[Translated article] Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of antibiotic and antifungical drugs in paediatric and newborn patients. Consensus Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP)

Farm Hosp. 2024 Sep-Oct;48(5):T234-T245. doi: 10.1016/j.farma.2024.02.013.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics and antifungals based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters is a strategy increasingly used for the optimization of therapy to improve efficacy, reduce the occurrence of toxicities, and prevent the selection of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in vulnerable patients including neonates and the critical or immunocompromised paediatric host. In neonates and children, infections account for a high percentage of hospital admissions, and anti-infectives are the most used drugs. However, paediatric PK/PD studies and the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of some newly marketed antibiotics and antifungals-usually used off-label in paediatrics-to determine the optimal drug dosage regimens are limited. It is widely known that this population presents important differences in the PK parameters (especially in drug clearance and volume of distribution) in comparison with adults that may alter antimicrobial exposure and, therefore, compromise treatment success. In addition, paediatric patients are more susceptible to potential adverse drug effects and they need closer monitoring. The aim of this document, developed jointly by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, is to describe the available evidence on the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics and antifungals in newborn and paediatric patients, and to provide practical recommendations for TDM in routine clinical practice to optimise their dosing, efficacy and safety. Of antibiotics and antifungals in the paediatric population.

Keywords: Antibiotics; Antibióticos; Antifungals; Antifúngicos; Farmacocinética; Farmacodinamia; Monitorización terapéutica; Neonatos; Newborn; Paediatric; Pediatría; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics; Poblaciones especiales; Special populations; Therapeutic drug monitoring.

Publication types

  • Practice Guideline

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / adverse effects
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacokinetics
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Antifungal Agents* / administration & dosage
  • Antifungal Agents* / adverse effects
  • Antifungal Agents* / pharmacokinetics
  • Antifungal Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Drug Monitoring*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Pharmacy Service, Hospital
  • Spain

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antifungal Agents