Objective: To understand the incidence trend of meningococcal meningitis from 1990 to 2023 and major pathogenic serogroups of Neisseria (N.) meningitidis from 2006 to 2023 in China and the time trend of the incidence of meningococcal meningitis caused by main pathogenic serogroups, and provide reference for the prevention and control of meningococcal meningitis. Methods: The study used the data from "National Epidemic Data Compile" from 1990 to 2003 and the data from China Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System from 2004 to 2023 to analyze the incidence trend of meningococcal meningitis in China from 1990 to 2023 by Joinpoint regression method. Based on the data of the national meningococcal meningitis surveillance information reporting and management system from 2006 to 2023, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis caused by different serogroups of N. meningitidis was described and analyzed, and the trend χ2 test was performed to analyze the change of the incidence of meningococcal meningitis caused by N. meningitidis A, B, and C. Results: The overall incidence of meningococcal meningitis in China showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2023 [average annual percent change (AAPC)=-14.80%, P<0.001], with the most obvious decline from 2005 to 2012 [annual percent change (APC)=-31.01%, P<0.001]. The incidence of meningococcal meningitis decreased in both men and women (AAPC=-14.69% and -15.05%, both P<0.001). A total of 1 178 serogroup specific cases of meningococcal meningitis were reported in China from 2006 to 2023, the proportion of serogroup C was highest (32.5%), followed by unclassified (22.3%), B (20.1%), A (18.4%), W (4.5%), Y (2.0%) and X (0.2%). The results of trend χ2 test indicated that the incidence of meningococcal meningitis caused by N. meningitidis A and C showed downward trends (both P<0.001) and the incidence of meningococcal meningitis caused by N. meningitidis B showed an upward trend in general population and young children (0-4 years old group) from 2006 to 2023 (both P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of meningococcal meningitis showed a downward trend in China from 1990 to 2023, but it is still necessary to pay more attention to the incidence of meningococcal meningitis caused by N. meningitidis B in age group aged 0-4 years and by multi serogroups at same time in general population.
目的： 分析中国1990-2023年流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）发病率变化和2006-2023年流脑主要致病血清群发病率的时间变化趋势，为流脑防控工作提供参考依据。 方法： 利用1990-2003年《全国疫情资料汇编》和2004-2023年中国法定传染病报告系统资料，采用Joinpoint回归分析方法，对我国1990-2023年流脑发病率时间趋势进行分析；利用2006-2023年全国流脑监测信息报告管理系统资料，对流脑不同血清群的发病情况进行描述分析，并对A、B、C群的发病趋势变化进行χ2趋势检验。 结果： 中国1990-2023年流脑总体发病率呈下降趋势［平均年变化百分比（AAPC）=-14.80%，P<0.001］，其中2005-2012年下降最快［年变化百分比（APC）=-31.01%，P<0.001］。男女性流脑发病率随时间变化不断下降（AAPC分别为-14.69%和-15.05%，均P<0.001）。2006-2023年共报告流脑可分群病例1 178例，C群占比最高为32.5%，其次为未分群（22.3%）、B群（20.1%）、A群（18.4%）、W群（4.5%）、Y群（2.0%）和X群（0.2%）。χ2趋势检验结果显示，2006-2023年A群和C群流脑发病率总体呈下降趋势（均P<0.001），B群流脑的总体发病率以及在0~4岁组中的发病率呈上升趋势（均P<0.05）。 结论： 1990-2023年流脑发病总体呈下降趋势，但仍需加强关注0~4岁人群的B群流脑发病和全人群中流脑多血清群同时发病情况。.