Severe neurodevelopmental phenotype, diagnostic, and treatment challenges in patients with SECISBP2 deficiency

Genet Med. 2024 Dec;26(12):101280. doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101280. Epub 2024 Sep 21.

Abstract

Purpose: Defects in the gene encoding selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2, SECISBP2, result in global impaired selenoprotein synthesis manifesting a complex syndrome with characteristic serum thyroid function tests due to impaired thyroid hormone metabolism. Knowledge about this multisystemic defect remains limited.

Methods: Genetic and laboratory investigations were performed in affected members from 6 families presenting with short stature and failure to thrive.

Results: Four probands presented a complex neurodevelopmental profile, including absent speech, autistic features, and seizures. Pediatric neurological evaluation prompted genetic investigations leading to the identification of SECISBP2 variants before knowing the characteristic thyroid tests in 2 cases. Thyroid hormone treatment improved motor development, whereas speech and intellectual impairments persisted. This defect poses great diagnostic and treatment challenges for clinicians, as illustrated by a case that escaped detection for 20 years because SECISBP2 was not included in the neurodevelopmental genetic panel, and his complex thyroid status prompted antithyroid treatment instead.

Conclusion: This syndrome uncovers the role of selenoproteins in humans. The severe neurodevelopmental disabilities manifested in 4 patients with SECISBP2 deficiency highlight an additional phenotype in this multisystem disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are required, and long-term evaluation will determine the full spectrum of manifestations and the impact of therapy.

Keywords: Neurodevelopmental disorder; SECISBP2; Selenoprotein; Short stature; Thyroid hormone metabolism defect.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders / diagnosis
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders / genetics
  • Pedigree
  • Phenotype*
  • RNA-Binding Proteins* / genetics
  • Selenoproteins / deficiency
  • Selenoproteins / genetics
  • Thyroid Hormones / blood
  • Thyroid Hormones / metabolism

Substances

  • SECISBP2 protein, human
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Selenoproteins
  • Thyroid Hormones