Seroprotection against tetanus in HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants in Malawi in 2019-2020

BMJ Paediatr Open. 2024 Sep 24;8(1):e002718. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002718.

Abstract

In Malawi, tetanus toxoid vaccination (TTV) is recommended in pregnancy, but few studies have assessed the prevalence of infant seroprotection against tetanus. Anti-TT levels from 84 6-week-old infants, born in 2019-2020 to mothers living with HIV (HEU: HIV-exposed-uninfected) infants and to HIV-negative women (HUU: HIV-unexposed-uninfected) infants were determined by ELISA assay. Although 94% of the infants (HEU=94.8%, HUU=92.3%) showed protective levels (>0.1 IU/mL), the mean titers observed (0.51 IU/mL) suggest an incomplete compliance with TT vaccination. The only factor positively correlated to anti-TT IgG levels was the duration of maternal antiretroviral therapy in HEU.

Keywords: HIV; Health Policy; Infant; Low and Middle Income Countries.

Publication types

  • Letter

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • HIV Infections* / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections* / epidemiology
  • HIV Infections* / immunology
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Malawi / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / epidemiology
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / immunology
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / prevention & control
  • Tetanus Toxoid* / administration & dosage
  • Tetanus Toxoid* / immunology
  • Tetanus* / immunology
  • Tetanus* / prevention & control
  • Vaccination

Substances

  • Tetanus Toxoid
  • Antibodies, Bacterial