Association of ambient air pollution and Air Quality Index with risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open. 2024 Sep 28;14(9):e085884. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085884.

Abstract

Objectives: To explore the associations of air pollutants and Air Quality Index (AQI) with risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) DESIGN: Cross-sectional study SETTING: Medical record data and local population data collected between 2014 and 2022 in Changshu, China were retrospectively reviewed.

Participants: Adults aged 18 years and above who were diagnosed with SSNHL in Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital or Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital from the spring of 2014 to the fall of 2022 were included in the study.

Outcome measure: SSNHL was diagnosed by clinicians using the Chinese diagnostic criteria for SSNHL.

Results: Compared with those exposed to the lowest tertile of carbon monoxide (CO), the prevalence ratio for those exposed to middle and high tertiles of CO were 1.113 (95% CI 1.022 to 1.213) and 1.230 (95% CI 1.105 to 1.369), respectively. The risk of SSNHL was increased by 30.6% (95% CI 9.9% to 55.4%) per doubling increment of CO. No categorical association was found between ozone (O3) exposure and risk of SSNHL, however, an increased risk of 22.2% (0.8%-48.2%) was identified for each doubling of O3. No association was identified between other pollutants and AQI and risk of SSNHL.

Conclusions: In this study, CO and O3 were associated with an increased risk of SSNHL in Changshu, China. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

Keywords: China; adult otolaryngology; audiology; health.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Air Pollutants* / adverse effects
  • Air Pollutants* / analysis
  • Air Pollution* / adverse effects
  • Air Pollution* / analysis
  • Carbon Monoxide / adverse effects
  • Carbon Monoxide / analysis
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Environmental Exposure / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* / chemically induced
  • Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* / epidemiology
  • Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* / etiology
  • Hearing Loss, Sudden / epidemiology
  • Hearing Loss, Sudden / etiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Ozone* / adverse effects
  • Ozone* / analysis
  • Particulate Matter / adverse effects
  • Particulate Matter / analysis
  • Prevalence
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Ozone
  • Air Pollutants
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Particulate Matter