Background: γδT cells are special innate lymphoid cells, which are not restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC). γδT cells mainly exist in human epidermis and mucosal epithelium. They can secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines involved in immune regulation, and produce effective cytotoxic responses to cancer cells. Purpose: To investigate the role of γδT cells in tumor immunotherapy, to understand its anti-tumor mechanism, and to explore the synergistic effect with other treatment modalities. This therapy is expected to become an important means of cancer treatment. Research Design: In this review presents a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, focusing on the efficacy of γδT cells in a variety of tumor types. Results: The mechanism of γδT cells recognizing tumor antigens and killing tumor was clarified. The tumor immunotherapy based on γδT cells and its application in clinical practice were summarized. Conclusions: γδT cells have shown promising potential in tumor immunotherapy, but the therapeutic effect varies according to the type of tumor, and some patients have poor response. There are still some challenges in the treatment of this disease, such as non-standard expansion regimens and different responses of patients, indicating that the existing treatment methods are not complete. Future research should focus on perfecting γδT cell expansion protocols, gaining a deeper understanding of its anti-tumor mechanisms, and exploring synergies with other treatment modalities. This multifaceted study will promote the development of γδT cells in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords: activation of amplification; clinical application; immunotherapy; tumor; γδT cells.
γδT cells are innate lymphocytes that are not restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This cell can secrete a number of substances, these substances can produce effective killing effect on cancer cells. γδT cells are one of the major components of human intraepithelial lymphocytes and mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). γδT cells, which are composed of γ and δ chains, play an important role in anti-infection. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed that γδT cells have shown good anti-tumor effects in tumors of the digestive system, urinary system, blood system, reproductive system, respiratory system and other systems. Therefore, γδT cell-based cellular immunotherapy is a powerful supplement to tumor immunotherapy. This review will focus on the recognition of tumor antigens by γδT cells, the mechanism of tumor killing, the tumor immunotherapy based on γδT cells and its application in clinical practice.