Continuous Associations between Remote Self-Administered Cognitive Measures and Imaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease

J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2024;11(5):1467-1479. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2024.99.

Abstract

Background: Easily accessible and self-administered cognitive assessments that can aid early detection for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia risk are critical for timely intervention.

Objectives/design: This cross-sectional study investigated continuous associations between Mayo Test Drive (MTD) - a remote, self-administered, multi-device compatible, web-based cognitive assessment - and AD-related imaging biomarkers.

Participants/setting: 684 adults from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participated (age=70.4±11.2, 49.7% female). Participants were predominantly cognitively unimpaired (CU; 94.0%).

Measurements: Participants completed (1) brain amyloid and tau PET scans and MRI scans for hippocampal volume (HV) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH); (2) MTD remotely, consisting of the Stricker Learning Span and Symbols Test which combine into an MTD composite; and (3) in-person neuropsychological assessment including measures to obtain Mayo Preclinical Alzheimer's disease Cognitive Composite (Mayo-PACC) and Global-z. Multiple regressions adjusted for age, sex, and education queried associations between imaging biomarkers and scores from remote and in-person cognitive measures.

Results: Lower performances on MTD were associated with greater amyloid, entorhinal tau, and global tau PET burden, lower HV, and higher WMH. Mayo-PACC and Global-z were associated with all imaging biomarkers except global tau PET burden. MCI/Dementia participants showed lower performance on all MTD measures compared to CU with large effect sizes (Hedge's g's=1.65-2.02), with similar findings for CU versus MCI only (Hedge's g's=1.46-1.83).

Conclusion: MTD is associated with continuous measures of AD-related imaging biomarkers, demonstrating ability to detect subtle cognitive change using a brief, remote assessment in predominantly CU individuals and criterion validity for MTD.

Keywords: Digital health; Mayo Test Drive; Neuropsychological Tests; amyloid; mild cognitive impairment.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alzheimer Disease* / diagnosis
  • Alzheimer Disease* / diagnostic imaging
  • Biomarkers*
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Cognition / physiology
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / diagnosis
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / diagnostic imaging
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests* / statistics & numerical data
  • Positron-Emission Tomography*

Substances

  • Biomarkers