Anatomical compatibility of a novel total artificial heart-An in-silico study

Background: ShuttlePump is a novel total artificial heart (TAH) recently introduced to potentially overcome the limitations associated with the current state-of-the-art mechanical circulatory support devices intended for adults. In this study, we adapted the outflow cannulation of the previously established ShuttlePump TAH and evaluated the anatomical compatibility using the virtual implantation technique.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the anatomical compatibility of the ShuttlePump using virtual implantation techniques within 3D-reconstructed anatomies of adult heart failure patients. Additionally, we examined the impact of outflow cannula modification on the hemocompatibility of the ShuttlePump through computational fluid dynamic simulations.

Results: A successful virtual implantation in 9/11 patients was achieved. However, in 2 patients, pump interaction with the thoracic cage was observed and considered unsuccessful virtual implantation. A strong correlation (r <-0.78) observed between the measured anatomical parameters and the ShuttlePump volume exceeding pericardium highlights the importance of these measurements apart from body surface area. The numerical simulation revealed that the angled outflow cannulation resulted in a maximum pressure drop of 1.8 mmHg higher than that of the straight outflow cannulation. With comparable hemolysis index, the shear stress thresholds of angled outflow differ marginally (<5%) from the established pump model. Similar washout behavior between the pump models indicate that the curvature did not introduce stagnation zone.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the anatomic compatibility of the ShuttlePump in patients with biventricular failure, which was achieved by optimizing the outflow cannulation without compromising hemocompatibility. Nevertheless, clinical validation is critical to ensure the clinical applicability of these findings.