Sea cucumber-derived extract can protect skin cells from oxidative DNA damage and mitochondrial degradation, and promote wound healing

Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Nov:180:117466. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117466. Epub 2024 Oct 2.

Abstract

Our skin serves as the primary barrier against external environmental insults, the latter of which can cause oxidative stress within cells, while various bioactive peptides sourced from natural resources hold promise in protecting cells against such oxidative stress. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of a low molecular weight extract from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, denoted as Sample-P, in facilitating cell migration and wound healing under oxidative stress conditions in skin cells. The naturally derived compound is a highly complex mix of peptides exhibiting antioxidative properties, as highlighted through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry peptide screening and an in vitro antioxidant assay. Our results demonstrate that Sample-P is capable of promoting cell migration while preventing severe stress responses such as visible through mTOR expression. To further identify the molecular pathways underpinning the overall protective mechanism of Sample-P, we have utilised a proteomics approach. Our data reveal that Sample-P regulates protein expression associated with ribosomal pathways, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which help in preserving DNA integrity and safeguarding cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the ER, under oxidative stress conditions in skin cells. In summary, in the presence of H2O2, Sample-P exhibits antioxidative properties at both molecular and cellular levels, rendering it a promising candidate for topical skin treatment to wound healing and to address age-related skin conditions.

Keywords: antioxidative; natural compound; protective; sea cucumber; wound healing.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • DNA Damage* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / pharmacology
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / toxicity
  • Mitochondria* / drug effects
  • Mitochondria* / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress* / drug effects
  • Proteomics / methods
  • Sea Cucumbers* / chemistry
  • Skin* / drug effects
  • Skin* / metabolism
  • Skin* / pathology
  • Stichopus / chemistry
  • Wound Healing* / drug effects

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Hydrogen Peroxide