Smart watch applications in atrial fibrillation detection: Current state and future directions

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is a prevalent chronic arrhythmia associated with severe complications, including stroke, heart failure, and increased mortality. This review explores the use of smartwatches for Afib detection, addressing the limitations of current monitoring methods and emphasizing the potential of wearable technology in revolutionizing healthcare.

Results/observation: Current Afib detection methods, such as electrocardiography, have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Smartwatches with advanced sensors offer continuous monitoring, improving the chances of detecting asymptomatic and paroxysmal Afib. The review meticulously examines major clinical trials studying Afib detection using smartwatches, including the landmark Apple Heart Study and ongoing trials such as the Heart Watch, Heartline, and Fitbit Heart Study. Detailed summaries of participant numbers, smartwatch devices used, and key findings are presented. It also comments on the cost-effectiveness and scalability of smartwatch-based screening, highlighting the potential to reduce healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion/relevance: The integration of wearable technology into healthcare can lead to earlier diagnosis, improved patient engagement, and enhanced cardiac health monitoring. Despite ethical considerations and disparities, the potential benefits outweigh the challenges. This review calls for increased awareness, collaboration with insurance companies, and ongoing research efforts to optimize smartwatch accuracy and encourage widespread adoption of Afib detection. With insights from major trials, this review serves as a comprehensive reference for healthcare professionals and policymakers, guiding future strategies in the early diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation.