Characterizing the genomic landscape through the lens of FOLR1 status in low and high grade serous ovarian carcinoma

Gynecol Oncol. 2024 Dec:191:80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.09.021. Epub 2024 Oct 3.

Abstract

Objective: Targeted therapy in folate receptor alpha (FOLR1)-positive high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is now a mainstay for platinum-resistant disease. However, the rate of FOLR1-positivity in low grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is not well documented. Less common than HGSOC, LGSOC tends to respond poorly to traditional platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens, particularly in recurrence. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify molecular targets that may assist in identifying more efficacious treatments for LGSOC. In this work, we assessed the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes in FOLR1-positive/negative LGSOC compared to its high-grade counterpart.

Methods: Using a large precision oncology database, next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry was performed on a cohort of 281 LGSOC and 5086 HGSOC. Associated MAPK activation was calculated based on NGS results and patient survival analysis was completed stratified by molecular alteration.

Results: Compared with LGSOC (24.6 %), HGSOC tumors have significantly higher prevalence of FOLR1+ status (43.5 %) and significantly higher PD-L1+ status. Conversely, LGSOC had higher prevalence of KRAS and NRAS mutations, with a near exclusivity for BRAF mutation compared to HGSOC. FOLR1- LGSOC and HGSOC had similar prevalences of T cell-inflamed tumors, though FOLR1+ LGSOC had a significantly lower prevalence of T-Cell inflamed tumors than FOLR1+ HGSOC. MAPK activation, quantified via MAPK activation score (MPAS), was significantly higher in low-grade tumors compared to HGSOC, yet no difference between FOLR1+ vs FOLR1- LGSOC was observed.

Conclusions: Though less than in high-grade disease, a notable portion of low-grade tumors were FOLR1+, suggesting FOLR1 expression in LGSOC could be a viable target for this rare histology, particularly in the recurrent setting.

Keywords: FOLR1; Molecular oncology; Molecular profiling; Ovarian carcinoma.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous* / genetics
  • Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous* / metabolism
  • Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous* / pathology
  • Female
  • Folate Receptor 1* / genetics
  • Folate Receptor 1* / metabolism
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / genetics
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Humans
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Middle Aged
  • Mutation
  • Neoplasm Grading*
  • Ovarian Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Ovarian Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Ovarian Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / genetics

Substances

  • Folate Receptor 1
  • FOLR1 protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
  • KRAS protein, human
  • NRAS protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases
  • BRAF protein, human
  • Membrane Proteins
  • CD274 protein, human
  • B7-H1 Antigen