Consumption of edible oil blended with flax, coconut, sunflower, and olive oil can significantly improve the negative health consequences of high-fat/high-cholesterol diet in Sprague Dawley rats

Roshina Rabail; Ammar B Altemimi; Cristina Maria Maerescu; Claudia Terezia Socol; Florin Leontin Criste; Abdur Rauf Khalid; Mahwish; Shahzad Hussain; Zhi-Wei Liu; Rana Muhammad Aadil

doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1469601

Consumption of edible oil blended with flax, coconut, sunflower, and olive oil can significantly improve the negative health consequences of high-fat/high-cholesterol diet in Sprague Dawley rats

Front Nutr. 2024 Sep 20:11:1469601. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1469601. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
² Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
³ College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Genetics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
⁵ Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
⁶ Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
⁷ Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.

Abstract

Background: Increasing cardiac, hepatic, and metabolic diseases have raised the need to modify our contemporary lifestyles toward balancing and diversifying the nutrients in our daily diet. Objective: Dietary fats should be modified to healthier versions by blending different vegetable oils. Therefore, in this study, an oil blend with health-protective and promoting fatty acid combinations was investigated to bring down the progression of cardiac and other metabolic diseases.

Methodology: A bio-efficacy trial was performed to investigate the therapeutic potential of an oil blend in 30 hyperlipidemic rats. Five rats were allocated to each group (coconut, flaxseed, olive, sunflower, and blended oil) for 42 days and were compared with the initial values of hyperlipidemic rats. Methodological investigations were performed for the body weight, naso-anal length, various obesity indices, visceral fat accumulation, blood and serum, cardiovascular risk indices, and echocardiograph.

Results: Blended oil consumption indicated significant reductions of 53.12% in body fat content (3.98 ± 0.96), 6.82% in Lee index (289.60 ± 8.27), 16.84% in BMI (0.15 ± 0.003), 57.37% in total cholesterol (52.00 ± 9.03), 68.57% in triacylglycerides (99.00 ± 9.19), 61.16% in atherogenic index (0.88 ± 0.12), and 58.72% in coronary risk index (2.88 ± 0.12), when compared with the initial values.

Conclusion: Blended oil consumption has significantly reduced various obesity indices, improved lipid profile, and provided significant protection against cardiovascular risk indices. Moreover, the results of blended oil indicated significant health protective ameliorations in electrocardiographs. Its regular consumption could help to reduce the onset of obesity and metabolic diseases.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory; anti-oxidation; blended cooking oil; cardiovascular risk indices; echocardiography; health blended cooking oil; high-fat-high-cholesterol diet; hyperlipidemia.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors received basic funding under the Indigenous Fellowship Program, Phase II, Batch VI, 2020 (PIN # 520–143744-2MD6-135) by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. The University of Oradea provided funding for the publication of this research.