Application of the Clinical Outcomes, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Related Costs Model in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Introduction: The change in prevalence and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) led to changes in outcomes and costs. We aimed to assess current clinical outcomes, resource utilisation, and costs in COPD.

Methods: Retrospective, observational study of a cohort of consecutive COPD patients who visited the emergency department (ED) of a large tertiary hospital in 2018. The study measured baseline characteristics, 30-day and 1-year mortality, readmission, re-ED visit rates, and costs using the Clinical Outcomes, HEalthcare REsource utilisatioN, and relaTed costs (COHERENT) model, validated for heart failure. This model, featuring a colour graphic system, tracks time spent in different clinical situations (home, ED, hospital), considering vital status, healthcare resource use, and related costs.

Results: In 2018, 2,384 patients with a primary COPD diagnosis visited the ED. The average age was 76 years, with 40% women. Observed mortality rates were 7.6% in-hospital, 8.5% at 30 days, and 23.4% at 1 year. The readmission rates were 9.9% and 36.1%, respectively. The cohort's 1-year cost was approximately EUR 14.6 million (USD 15.95 million), with a median cost per patient of EUR 3,298 (USD 3,603.96). Hospitalisation incurred the highest costs, with initial hospitalisation and readmissions accounting for 44.7% and 42.6% of expenditures, respectively.

Conclusion: One-year mortality and readmission rates for patients with COPD visiting the ED remain high with a significant economic impact on the health system. This burden justifies special programs to improve their care.