The Bell-Bottom Technique Versus Branched Stent Grafts in Endovascular Treatment of Diseased Common Iliac Artery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ann Vasc Surg. 2025 Jan;110(Pt A):396-405. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.08.028. Epub 2024 Oct 10.

Abstract

Background: To evaluate whether the use of iliac branched endoprosthesis reduces perioperative complications compared to the bell-bottom technique (BBT) in patients with common iliac artery aneurysm or ectasia.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to March 2024. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses protocol, 91 articles were analyzed. A restricted maximum likelihood model with random effects with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals was applied for binary outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and Higgins and Thompson's I2 statistic. Significance was defined as a P value < 0.05.

Results: Six cohort studies involving 2,899 patients were included, of which 863 underwent repair with branched endoprosthesis. There was no statistically significant difference observed for endoleaks: of any type (odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-1.60; P = 0.20), type 1a (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.20-6.40; P = 0.90), type 1b (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.20-1.97; P = 0.42), and type 2 (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.10-2.71; P = 0.44). However, type 3 endoleaks were less frequent in the bell-bottom group (OR 9.00; 95% CI 1.09-74.17; P = 0.04). Additionally, perioperative mortality (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.41-1.27; P = 0.26), mesenteric ischemia (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.01-2.54; P = 0.18), iliac artery injury (P = 0.06), and buttock claudication (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.02-1.08; P = 0.06) also did not statistically differ between the 2 groups.

Conclusions: Branched endoprosthesis and BBTs did not differ regarding perioperative mortality rates, internal iliac artery occlusion, and mesenteric ischemia rates. However, the use of branched endoprostheses was associated with a higher incidence of type 3 endoleaks compared to the BBT.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation* / adverse effects
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation* / instrumentation
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation* / mortality
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis*
  • Dilatation, Pathologic
  • Endovascular Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Endovascular Procedures* / instrumentation
  • Endovascular Procedures* / mortality
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Iliac Aneurysm* / diagnostic imaging
  • Iliac Aneurysm* / mortality
  • Iliac Aneurysm* / surgery
  • Iliac Artery* / diagnostic imaging
  • Iliac Artery* / surgery
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Prosthesis Design*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Stents*
  • Treatment Outcome