Cerebral venous thrombosis: an unanticipated consequence of unilateral internal jugular vein ligation

BMJ Case Rep. 2024 Oct 14;17(10):e261523. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2024-261523.

Abstract

Retrograde cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication following internal jugular vein (IJV) ligation. The patient described in this report is a male in his 30s with locally advanced carcinoma tongue. He underwent near-total glossectomy and bilateral neck dissection. Due to heavy nodal burden, his right IJV had to be sacrificed. The patient presented with features of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) postoperatively. Magnetic resonance venogram of the brain revealed CVT involving sigmoid and transverse sinus. This case report describes a perplexing case of right-sided IJV ligation giving rise to CVT, resulting in raised ICP. Although the contralateral cerebral venous system was found to be normal, it failed to compensate for the obstructed outflow on the affected side. In this case report, we have elucidated the possible mechanism for the development of raised ICP and described the management in the light of existing evidence.

Keywords: Head and neck cancer; Head and neck surgery; Oral and maxillofacial surgery; Otolaryngology / ENT; Warfarin therapy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Humans
  • Intracranial Hypertension / etiology
  • Intracranial Hypertension / surgery
  • Intracranial Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Intracranial Thrombosis / etiology
  • Jugular Veins* / diagnostic imaging
  • Jugular Veins* / surgery
  • Ligation
  • Male
  • Neck Dissection / adverse effects
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Tongue Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Venous Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Venous Thrombosis / etiology