The Physiological and Performance Effects of Actovegin during Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients. 2024 Sep 30;16(19):3332. doi: 10.3390/nu16193332.

Abstract

Background: Evidence regarding the performance-related effects of Actovegin is limited, despite legislated restrictions being in place for this supplement within sport settings.

Objectives: Our study examined the effects of Actovegin on physiological responses and performance during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise in collegiate athletes.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design was adopted. Moderately trained collegiate athletes from various sports were randomly allocated to placebo (n = 8) or Actovegin (n = 8) groups. All athletes consumed three capsules across each day for seven days of loading. Athletes underwent two separate cardiopulmonary exercise tests one week apart. Separate 2 × 2 mixed ANOVAs and effect sizes (ηp2) were used to assess for between- and within-group differences.

Results: A significant time * group effect (p = 0.036, ηp2 = 0.278) was observed in systolic blood pressure. Significant main effects were only observed for time in several variables, with increases in peak oxygen uptake (VO2) (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.893), peak minute ventilation (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.456), ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.517), oxygen pulse (p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.434), VO2 at first ventilatory threshold (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.520), velocity at second ventilatory threshold (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.997), VO2 at second ventilatory threshold (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.628), and peak velocity (p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.386), and a decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.695).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that although physiological and performance alterations were evident with Actovegin supplementation during cardiopulmonary exercise, no further benefits beyond those obtained with a placebo were attained.

Keywords: Solcoseryl; VO2max; aerobic capacity; anti-doping; calf blood; cardiorespiratory fitness.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Athletes*
  • Athletic Performance / physiology
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Exercise Test*
  • Female
  • Heart Rate / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Oxygen Consumption* / drug effects
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Faculty of Medical Sciences (JP 01/24), Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-65/2024-03/200111). E.S. is supported by the L’Oréal-UNESCO “For Women in Science” Serbian national programme and Humboldt Research Fellowship Programme for Experienced Researchers. E.S. gratefully acknowledges the support of the L’Oréal-UNESCO Foundation and Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Foundation.