Prenatal finding of isolated ventricular septal defect: genetic association, outcomes and counseling

Front Genet. 2024 Oct 2:15:1447216. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1447216. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

The innovation in ultrasound has greatly promoted the prenatal diagnosis of ventricular septal defect. As a minor lesion of congenital heart disease, the prenatal genetic counseling of isolated ventricular septal defect faces some challenges, including the true genetic correlationship, selection of appropriated testing methods to identify deleterious mutations, and avoidance of overdiagnosis and overintervention. Researchers have explored the prenatal diagnosis efficiency of commonly used cytogenetic and molecular genetic technologies. Small insertions/deletions and monogenic variants with phenotypic heterogeneity play important role and contribute to the comprehend of pathogenesis. Isolated ventricular septal defect fetuses without genetic finding and extracardiac structural abnormality generally have good pregnancy outcome. Long-term follow-up data is needed to describe the comprehensive map, such as the potential missed diagnosis especially late-onset syndromes, the impact on the quality of life and life expectancy. When conducting prenatal genetic counseling, strict adherence to ethical principles is needed to ensure that the rights of all parties involved are fully protected. Clinicians should carefully evaluate the risks and benefits and provide parents with sufficient information and advice to enable them to make informed decisions.

Keywords: genetic counseling; isolated ventricular septal defect; molecular genetic technologies; pregnancy outcome; prenatal diagnosis.

Publication types

  • Review

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the Open Source Project from the NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention (ZD202307), Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province (232102310255) and Medical Science and Technology Research Project (LHGJ20190593).