Sustainable synthesis of carbon dots via bio-waste recycling for biomedical imaging

Smart Med. 2024 Jul 17;3(3):e20240012. doi: 10.1002/SMMD.20240012. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Bio-waste is a side product of biomedical research containing carbon, which can be utilized for developing carbon dots (CDs). CDs are known to be useful for a variety of applications because of their unique photoluminescence, low toxicity, and straightforward synthesis. In this paper, we employed a one-step hydrothermal method to prepare CDs from bio-waste as the only reactant. The as-synthesized Cell-CDs were found to be chemically stable and biocompatible. In addition, the spectra of Cell-CDs' emissions covered the visible light, which is ideal for super-resolution imaging. Particularly, dual-color imaging can be achieved, for example, by staining the plasma membrane with Cell-CDs emitting one color and staining cytosolic organelles with Cell-CDs emitting a different color of fluorescence. Here, we demonstrate such applications by studying the subcellular dynamics of live cells.

Keywords: biocompatibility; biomedical imaging; bio‐waste recycling; carbon dots.