Structures of the mycobacterial MmpL4 and MmpL5 transporters provide insights into their role in siderophore export and iron acquisition

PLoS Biol. 2024 Oct 18;22(10):e3002874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002874. eCollection 2024 Oct.

Abstract

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogen, the causative agent of the airborne infection tuberculosis (TB), harbors a number of mycobacterial membrane protein large (MmpL) transporters. These membrane proteins can be separated into 2 distinct subclasses, where they perform important functional roles, and thus, are considered potential drug targets to combat TB. Previously, we reported both X-ray and cryo-EM structures of the MmpL3 transporter, providing high-resolution structural information for this subclass of the MmpL proteins. Currently, there is no structural information available for the subclass associated with MmpL4 and MmpL5, transporters that play a critical role in iron homeostasis of the bacterium. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the M. smegmatis MmpL4 and MmpL5 transporters to resolutions of 2.95 Å and 3.00 Å, respectively. These structures allow us to propose a plausible pathway for siderophore translocation via these 2 transporters, an essential step for iron acquisition that enables the survival and replication of the mycobacterium.

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins* / chemistry
  • Bacterial Proteins* / metabolism
  • Biological Transport
  • Cryoelectron Microscopy
  • Iron* / metabolism
  • Membrane Transport Proteins* / chemistry
  • Membrane Transport Proteins* / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis* / metabolism
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / metabolism
  • Siderophores* / metabolism

Substances

  • Iron
  • Siderophores
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Membrane Transport Proteins