Mpox outbreak in a cluster of hospitals at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2022-2023: clinical presentation, risk factors, and preventive measures

This study investigated the Mpox outbreak that occurred in a health cluster of three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving 97 patients diagnosed between May and December 2023. Among them, 48% were Saudi nationals, 94% were men, and 73% were under 35 years old. While sexual activity was a potential transmission mode, only 38% of patients reported it. All patients were presented with skin lesions and common symptoms like fever, headaches, and itching, with two being HIV positive. Genotyping revealed all samples were from subclade IIb (West Africa clade). Unlike previous outbreaks, rashes and systemic symptoms emerged simultaneously without a prodromal phase. Stringent infection control measures kept healthcare workers safe, although underreporting of sexual behavior may limit the study's findings. This highlights the need for Mpox consideration in young individuals with skin lesions.