Evaluation of general anesthesia protocols for a highly controlled cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model in mice

PLoS One. 2024 Oct 25;19(10):e0309799. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309799. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: The aim of our study was to test different anesthetic mixtures in order to identify the most suitable one for a surgical cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model in mice.

Methods: 1) Sixty four mice were submitted to one of the 6 combinations of ketamine or alfaxalone associated to xylazine, medetomidine or midazolam. Depth and quality of anesthesia were evaluated via 5 reflex scores. 2) Impact of analgesic (buprenorphine or butorphanol), anesthesia reversal (with atipamezole) and surgery (cardiac ischemia-reperfusion surgery) have been tested in the selected protocols. 3) infarction size has been measured with TTC (Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride) method in mice anesthetized with best protocols.

Results: Protocol involving medetomidine induced the longest surgical anesthesia: (median = 120, {interquartile range = 100-125}) min with ketamine and 53 {25-100} min with alfaxalone. Butorphanol substitution with buprenorphine did not alter time-related anesthesia parameters. Atipamezole reversal considerably reduced both recovery and immobilization time (respectively 22 {18-30} min and 98 {88-99} min vs. 55 {40-70} min and 143 {131-149} min, in groups with no reversal, p = 0.001) with no impact on infarction size measurement.

Conclusion: In this study, the combination alfaxalone/medetomidine/buprenorphine (80/0,3/0,075 mg.kg-1, s.c.) associated with reversal by atipamezole was a reliable anesthetic protocol for murine surgery, particularly for the study of ischemia-reperfusion.

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia, General* / methods
  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal*
  • Ketamine / administration & dosage
  • Ketamine / pharmacology
  • Male
  • Medetomidine / administration & dosage
  • Medetomidine / pharmacology
  • Mice
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / drug therapy
  • Xylazine / pharmacology

Substances

  • Ketamine
  • Medetomidine
  • Xylazine

Grants and funding

The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.