Global, regional, and national burden of injuries, and burden attributable to injuries risk factors, 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Affiliations

• ¹ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ² Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
• ⁴ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁵ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany.
• ⁶ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁷ Department of Nursing, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
• ⁸ National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India.
• ⁹ Pediatrics Nursing Department, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁰ Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
• ¹¹ School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Devdaha, Nepal.
• ¹² School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ¹³ Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
• ¹⁴ Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
• ¹⁵ Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
• ¹⁶ Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia.
• ¹⁷ Technical Services Directorate, MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria.
• ¹⁸ Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
• ¹⁹ Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
• ²⁰ Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
• ²¹ Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
• ²² Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²³ Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁴ Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• ²⁵ College of Nursing, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
• ²⁶ National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁷ St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ²⁸ Department of Public Health, The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria.
• ²⁹ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
• ³⁰ Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
• ³¹ Department of Health Information Management and Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
• ³² Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
• ³³ Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
• ³⁴ Department of Food Hygiene, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
• ³⁵ Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³⁶ Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia.
• ³⁷ College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• ³⁸ Department of Surgery, Kuwait University, Kuwait; Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait.
• ³⁹ University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
• ⁴⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
• ⁴¹ School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China.
• ⁴² Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
• ⁴³ Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁴⁴ Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Surgery, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
• ⁴⁸ Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan.
• ⁴⁹ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Physiotherapy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
• ⁵¹ Department of Research, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• ⁵² Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁵³ Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Education (SRME), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁵⁴ University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
• ⁵⁵ School of Architecture, Design, and Planning, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁵⁶ Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.
• ⁵⁸ Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
• ⁵⁹ Department of Surgery, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
• ⁶⁰ The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru.
• ⁶¹ Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
• ⁶² Department of Midwifery, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
• ⁶³ Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁶⁴ Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
• ⁶⁵ Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
• ⁶⁶ Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
• ⁶⁷ School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
• ⁶⁸ Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
• ⁷⁰ Health Information Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
• ⁷¹ Department of Community Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
• ⁷² Department of Academics, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gurgaon, India.
• ⁷³ School of Public Health, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Mumbai, India; Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
• ⁷⁴ Department of Medical Anatomy, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
• ⁷⁵ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
• ⁷⁶ Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁷⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
• ⁷⁸ School of Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
• ⁷⁹ Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
• ⁸⁰ The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁸¹ Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
• ⁸² Department of Community Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
• ⁸³ Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
• ⁸⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.
• ⁸⁵ Justice Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
• ⁸⁶ Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁸⁷ School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁸⁸ School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
• ⁸⁹ Department of Injury, The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
• ⁹⁰ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁹¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Board of Directors, Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• ⁹² Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico.
• ⁹³ Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
• ⁹⁴ National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Center for Human and Social Sciences (CCHS-CSIC), National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.
• ⁹⁵ Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
• ⁹⁶ Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
• ⁹⁷ Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India.
• ⁹⁸ The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
• ⁹⁹ Iraq Field Epidemiology Training Program (I-FETP), Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.
• ¹⁰⁰ Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
• ¹⁰¹ Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark.
• ¹⁰² Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India.
• ¹⁰³ The Interdisciplinary Research Group on Biomedicine and Health, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Vietnam.
• ¹⁰⁴ Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria.
• ¹⁰⁵ Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
• ¹⁰⁶ Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁷ Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative), Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
• ¹⁰⁸ School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Global Women's Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁹ Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ¹¹⁰ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹¹¹ IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ¹¹² Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ¹¹⁴ Environmental Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
• ¹¹⁵ Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
• ¹¹⁶ Department of Population and Development, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
• ¹¹⁷ Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia.
• ¹¹⁸ School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
• ¹¹⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, National Health Service (NHS) Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹²⁰ Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
• ¹²¹ Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
• ¹²² Department of Anatomy, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
• ¹²³ Department of Environmental Health, Adigrat University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
• ¹²⁴ Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹²⁵ Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
• ¹²⁶ Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
• ¹²⁷ School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ¹²⁸ Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
• ¹²⁹ School of Health Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
• ¹³⁰ Private Orthodontist, Ahvaz, Iran.
• ¹³¹ Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK.
• ¹³² School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
• ¹³³ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Division of Cardiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹³⁴ Department of Neurophysiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
• ¹³⁵ Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
• ¹³⁶ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
• ¹³⁷ Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
• ¹³⁸ Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
• ¹³⁹ Department of Health Informatics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁴⁰ Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁴¹ Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ¹⁴² Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
• ¹⁴³ Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
• ¹⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
• ¹⁴⁵ Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹⁴⁶ School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
• ¹⁴⁷ School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
• ¹⁴⁸ Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹⁴⁹ Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
• ¹⁵⁰ Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁵¹ Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
• ¹⁵² College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
• ¹⁵³ Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
• ¹⁵⁴ Department of Food Technology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.
• ¹⁵⁵ Faculty of Paramedicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
• ¹⁵⁶ Neurosurgery Department, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Maga (Hubert Maga National University Hospital Center), Cotonou, Benin; Cotonou, Benin.
• ¹⁵⁷ Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁵⁸ Department of Reproductive and Family Health, Axum College of Health Science, Axum, Ethiopia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
• ¹⁵⁹ Department of Public Health, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁶⁰ Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁶¹ Department of Medical Surgical-Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
• ¹⁶² E-Learning Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
• ¹⁶³ School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
• ¹⁶⁴ Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ¹⁶⁵ Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
• ¹⁶⁶ Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
• ¹⁶⁷ NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
• ¹⁶⁸ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ¹⁶⁹ Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Quantitative department, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran.
• ¹⁷⁰ Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India.
• ¹⁷¹ Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
• ¹⁷² Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
• ¹⁷³ Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
• ¹⁷⁴ Department of Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ¹⁷⁵ NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
• ¹⁷⁶ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
• ¹⁷⁷ Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive care, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• ¹⁷⁸ University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
• ¹⁷⁹ School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
• ¹⁸⁰ University Centre for Rural Health (Northern Rivers), University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
• ¹⁸¹ Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye.
• ¹⁸² Research, UChicago Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• ¹⁸³ Department of Epidemiology Population Biostatistics and Health Promotion, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia.
• ¹⁸⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
• ¹⁸⁵ Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju (Indonesian Advanced College of Health Sciences), Institution of Public Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia.
• ¹⁸⁶ Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
• ¹⁸⁷ Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ¹⁸⁸ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Chapter of Addiction Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ¹⁸⁹ Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
• ¹⁹⁰ School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran.
• ¹⁹¹ Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China.
• ¹⁹² Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
• ¹⁹³ School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
• ¹⁹⁴ Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia.
• ¹⁹⁵ Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
• ¹⁹⁶ Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ¹⁹⁷ Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• ¹⁹⁸ School of Computer Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ¹⁹⁹ Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ²⁰⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China.
• ²⁰¹ West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
• ²⁰² Department of Health Research, ICMR National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.
• ²⁰³ Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ²⁰⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ²⁰⁵ Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Bedong, Malaysia; Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia.
• ²⁰⁶ The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India.
• ²⁰⁷ College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.
• ²⁰⁸ The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO, Trieste, Italy; Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China.
• ²⁰⁹ Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ²¹⁰ School of Pharmaceutical Management, IIHMR University, Jaipur, India.
• ²¹¹ Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²¹² Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.
• ²¹³ Department of General Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
• ²¹⁴ Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Paris, France; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
• ²¹⁵ Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
• ²¹⁶ Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ²¹⁷ Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²¹⁸ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India.
• ²¹⁹ Prasanna School of Public health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
• ²²⁰ Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
• ²²¹ Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India; Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
• ²²² Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ²²³ The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery Division, Global Smile Foundation, Norwood, MA, USA.
• ²²⁴ School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
• ²²⁵ Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
• ²²⁶ Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
• ²²⁷ Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²²⁸ Department of Healthcare Services Management, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
• ²²⁹ Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ²³⁰ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²³¹ College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Adu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
• ²³² Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
• ²³³ Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, UK.
• ²³⁴ Population Science Department, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ²³⁵ Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• ²³⁶ Department of Epidemiology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
• ²³⁷ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
• ²³⁸ Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
• ²³⁹ School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.
• ²⁴⁰ Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
• ²⁴¹ School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
• ²⁴² Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
• ²⁴³ Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁴⁴ Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India.
• ²⁴⁵ Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
• ²⁴⁶ San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Barcelona, Spain.
• ²⁴⁷ Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
• ²⁴⁸ Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ²⁴⁹ School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
• ²⁵⁰ Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye.
• ²⁵¹ Department of Orthopaedics, Apollomedics Hospital, Lucknow, India.
• ²⁵² Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
• ²⁵³ Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.
• ²⁵⁴ Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
• ²⁵⁵ Unidad de Genética y Salud Pública, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Panama; Ministry of Health, Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Las Tablas, Panama.
• ²⁵⁶ Chief Medical Office, HelpMeSee, New York, NY, USA; Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico.
• ²⁵⁷ International Society Doctors for the Environment, Arezzo, Italy.
• ²⁵⁸ Health Economics Division, Monash University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
• ²⁵⁹ College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
• ²⁶⁰ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
• ²⁶¹ Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁶² Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
• ²⁶³ Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
• ²⁶⁴ Directorate of Quality Management and Digital Health, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.
• ²⁶⁵ School of Public Health, Zefat Academic College, Haifa, Israel.
• ²⁶⁶ School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
• ²⁶⁷ Department of Emergency General and Trauma Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
• ²⁶⁸ School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
• ²⁶⁹ Ophthalmology Department, Ministry of Health & Population, Aswan, Egypt.
• ²⁷⁰ Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysooru, India; Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, India.
• ²⁷¹ Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
• ²⁷² Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ²⁷³ Department of Public Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia; Faculty of Medicine, El Bosque University, Bogota, Colombia.
• ²⁷⁴ Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁷⁵ Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
• ²⁷⁶ Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ²⁷⁷ Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
• ²⁷⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁷⁹ School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Manila, Philippines.
• ²⁸⁰ Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
• ²⁸¹ Research Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ²⁸² Department of Healthcare, University of Vlora, Vlora City, Albania; Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
• ²⁸³ Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁸⁴ Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
• ²⁸⁵ Department of Environmental Health Science, Haramaya University, Harar City, Ethiopia.
• ²⁸⁶ International Dx Department, BGI Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ²⁸⁷ Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
• ²⁸⁸ University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ²⁸⁹ Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
• ²⁹⁰ College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• ²⁹¹ Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
• ²⁹² Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
• ²⁹³ School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁹⁴ Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
• ²⁹⁵ Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ²⁹⁶ Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
• ²⁹⁷ Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.
• ²⁹⁸ Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ²⁹⁹ Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ³⁰⁰ Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
• ³⁰¹ Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, Mexico; Postgraduate in Medical Sciences, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico.
• ³⁰² College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan.
• ³⁰³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Knowledge Translation and Utilization, Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
• ³⁰⁴ Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India.
• ³⁰⁵ Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
• ³⁰⁶ Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁰⁷ Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
• ³⁰⁸ HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³⁰⁹ Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
• ³¹⁰ Department of Community Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.
• ³¹¹ Department of Histopathology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Human Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
• ³¹² Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya.
• ³¹³ Technical Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ³¹⁴ Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria.
• ³¹⁵ Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
• ³¹⁶ Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
• ³¹⁷ James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
• ³¹⁸ Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
• ³¹⁹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
• ³²⁰ Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
• ³²¹ School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ³²² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, FL, USA; Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.
• ³²³ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
• ³²⁴ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
• ³²⁵ Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
• ³²⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
• ³²⁷ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.
• ³²⁸ National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
• ³²⁹ Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
• ³³⁰ Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
• ³³¹ Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
• ³³² Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea.
• ³³³ Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
• ³³⁴ Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• ³³⁵ Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
• ³³⁶ Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³³⁷ School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
• ³³⁸ Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
• ³³⁹ Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
• ³⁴⁰ School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ³⁴¹ Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
• ³⁴² International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• ³⁴³ Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
• ³⁴⁴ Department of Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ³⁴⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
• ³⁴⁶ Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
• ³⁴⁷ Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ³⁴⁸ Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
• ³⁴⁹ Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan.
• ³⁵⁰ Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran.
• ³⁵¹ School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
• ³⁵² Department of Health Innovation, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India.
• ³⁵³ College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
• ³⁵⁴ Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
• ³⁵⁵ Department of Geography, Soran University, Soran, Iraq.
• ³⁵⁶ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh; School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
• ³⁵⁷ Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁵⁸ Medical Toxicology & Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
• ³⁵⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
• ³⁶⁰ Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Pakistan, Dir Upper, Pakistan.
• ³⁶¹ Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.
• ³⁶² Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
• ³⁶³ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
• ³⁶⁴ Department of Clinical Research, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
• ³⁶⁵ Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia.
• ³⁶⁶ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.
• ³⁶⁷ Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³⁶⁸ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland.
• ³⁶⁹ Clinical and Biomedical Research Center, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan.
• ³⁷⁰ Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³⁷¹ Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
• ³⁷² Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.
• ³⁷³ Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³⁷⁴ Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA; Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ³⁷⁵ Research Development Coordination Section, Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan; School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
• ³⁷⁶ Department of Public Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
• ³⁷⁷ Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ³⁷⁸ IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (IRCCS Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institute), Milan, Italy.
• ³⁷⁹ Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
• ³⁸⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ³⁸¹ School of public health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
• ³⁸² Division of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
• ³⁸³ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
• ³⁸⁴ Department of Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
• ³⁸⁵ Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
• ³⁸⁶ Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan.
• ³⁸⁷ College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
• ³⁸⁸ Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
• ³⁸⁹ Nahavand School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Nahavand, Iran.
• ³⁹⁰ Implementation Science, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India.
• ³⁹¹ Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
• ³⁹² School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Quantitative Department, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran.
• ³⁹³ Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
• ³⁹⁴ Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁹⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
• ³⁹⁶ Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
• ³⁹⁷ Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
• ³⁹⁸ School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
• ³⁹⁹ Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
• ⁴⁰⁰ Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
• ⁴⁰¹ School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁴⁰² Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
• ⁴⁰³ Clinical Branch, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia; Addiction Psychiatry Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.
• ⁴⁰⁴ Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
• ⁴⁰⁵ Division of Injury Prevention, The Bizzell Group, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ⁴⁰⁶ Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Surgery, "Sf. Pantelimon" Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
• ⁴⁰⁷ Department of Nursing, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
• ⁴⁰⁸ Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
• ⁴⁰⁹ Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ⁴¹⁰ Directive Board, Associação de Profissionais Licenciados de Optometria (Association of Licensed Optometry Professionals), Porto, Portugal.
• ⁴¹¹ SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁴¹² Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
• ⁴¹³ Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ⁴¹⁴ Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia; Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
• ⁴¹⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain.
• ⁴¹⁶ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
• ⁴¹⁷ Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Dermato-Venereology, Dr. Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
• ⁴¹⁸ Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
• ⁴¹⁹ Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• ⁴²⁰ Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
• ⁴²¹ Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Research and Innovation, Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁴²² Department of Public Health, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
• ⁴²³ Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Sam Ratulangi University), Manado, Indonesia.
• ⁴²⁴ Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
• ⁴²⁵ Public Health Department, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
• ⁴²⁶ Department of Zoology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
• ⁴²⁷ Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra University Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• ⁴²⁸ Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ⁴²⁹ Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
• ⁴³⁰ Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁴³¹ Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• ⁴³² Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
• ⁴³³ Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁴³⁴ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Occupational Medicine Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
• ⁴³⁵ Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
• ⁴³⁶ Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
• ⁴³⁷ NUST School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkiye.
• ⁴³⁸ School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
• ⁴³⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
• ⁴⁴⁰ Department of Physical Therapy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
• ⁴⁴¹ National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁴⁴² School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁴⁴³ Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁴⁴⁴ The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ⁴⁴⁵ National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁴⁴⁶ Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
• ⁴⁴⁷ Department of Biostatistics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁴⁴⁸ Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA; School of Business & Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (University of Putra Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• ⁴⁴⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
• ⁴⁵⁰ Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁴⁵¹ Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ⁴⁵² School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
• ⁴⁵³ School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
• ⁴⁵⁴ Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
• ⁴⁵⁵ Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.