Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), is increasingly used in the treatment of neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Where rTMS is already an accepted treatment option for depression, in the Netherlands/Belgium, no consensus exist on the application of rTMS for (obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). People with OCD who do not respond enough to exposure therapy and serotonergic antidepressants are in great need for treatment alternatives.
Aim: Consensus statement on the application of rTMS as treatment for OCD METHOD: Evaluation of the current literature on the efficacy of rTMS for OCD, mainly based on recent meta-analysis, by a broad group of experts in the field of rTMS, OCD and treatment guidelines.
Results: rTMS is a potentially effective treatment for OCD with a medium effect size (g ≈ 0,5). Based on the current literature it is not yet clear which rTMS protocol is the most effective.
Conclusion: based on the evidence for rTMS in OCD, and the non-invasive nature of the treatment modality, rTMS can considered in cases with OCD who do not respond enough to exposure therapy and serotonergic antidepressants, prior to the start of more invasive treatment alternatives, such as deep brain stimulation or lesion surgery.