Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare disease seen in the general population and has been reported as showing an increased incidence in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) population, as documented in case reports.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study using data from the Taichung Veterans General Hospital electric medical record database from the years 2010 to 2023. We defined cases as CIDP with End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and controls as without CIDP. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between CIDP and dialysis modality, age, gender, dialysis duration, plasma potassium > 5.5 mEq/L and < 2.5 mEq/L, and intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) > 613 pg/mL.
Results: Our findings suggest that PD may be a risk factor in the ESKD population (Odds ratio: 5.125, C.I.: 1.078 ~ 24.372, p = 0.040) according to logistic regression analysis. Dialysis duration, gender, diabetes mellitus, HbA1c > 7%, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, and hyperparathyroidism did not show an association with CIDP.
Conclusion: There seems to be an association between PD and CIDP in this case-control study. Possible mechanisms may involve systemic inflammation induced by peritoneal dialysate exchange or the content of the dialysate. Further studies are still needed.
© 2024. The Author(s).