Spindle Cell Neoplasms Unique to the Sinonasal Tract

Surg Pathol Clin. 2024 Dec;17(4):683-693. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2024.07.009. Epub 2024 Sep 2.

Abstract

The spindle cell neoplasms include sinonasal tract angiofibroma (STA), glomangiopericytoma (GPC), and biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS). These entities share some clinical, histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and even molecular characteristics. Nevertheless, there are features that are unique to each tumor type. STA shows heavily collagenized and vascular stroma, with apparent relationship to underlying hormonal changes. GPC consistently exhibits monomorphic, ovoid cytologic appearance with the constant feature of Beta-catenin nuclear accumulation by IHC. Lastly, BSNS is a deceptively bland and neural-like neoplasm featuring consistent co-expression of S100 and smooth muscle markers with specific genetic rearrangements serving to uniquely characterize this entity.

Keywords: Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma; Glomangiopericytoma; Nasal cavity; Paranasal sinuses; Sarcoma; Sinonasal tract angiofibroma; Spindle cell neoplasm.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Angiofibroma* / diagnosis
  • Angiofibroma* / genetics
  • Angiofibroma* / pathology
  • Biomarkers, Tumor* / genetics
  • Biomarkers, Tumor* / metabolism
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Hemangiopericytoma / diagnosis
  • Hemangiopericytoma / genetics
  • Hemangiopericytoma / pathology
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Sarcoma* / diagnosis
  • Sarcoma* / genetics
  • Sarcoma* / pathology

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor