Understanding the dynamics of Microcystis bloom: Unraveling the influence of suspended solids through proteomics and metabolomics approaches

Light plays a crucial role in blue-green algae bloom formation in lakes, while suspended solids (SS) influence underwater light intensity. This study investigates the integrated effects of SS concentrations (0-125 mg/L) on Microcystis aeruginosa in natural conditions. Results show that SS inhibits cyanobacterial growth above 100 mg/L, with 25-75 mg/L favoring bloom formation. Proteomic analysis reveals differential protein involvement in ribosomes, ABC transporters, cofactor biosynthesis, and photosynthesis pathways at 25 mg/L SS. SS concentrations within the range of 25-125 mg/L significantly impact the metabolism of algal cells, resulting in an increase in lipid metabolism and a decrease in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in cyanobacteria. These coordinated biochemical adaptations play a vital role in the survival of cyanobacteria in challenging environmental conditions. Employing a multi-omics approach enhances our comprehension of how M. aeruginosa responds to SS and the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby contributing to our understanding of cyanobacteria outbreaks. This underscores the importance of monitoring SS concentrations in lakes as a proactive measure for future control of cyanobacteria dominance.