Profiling of MicroRNAs for the Identification of Unique and Common MicroRNAs in Preeclamptic Patients of South India Using Next-Generation Sequencing

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication with an unclear cause. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs), particularly miR-1, may play a role in controlling the genes associated with this condition. This study aimed to compare the expression of miRNAs in the blood and placental tissues of women with PE to those with normal pregnancies.

Methods: We conducted small RNA sequencing on blood and placental samples from three groups: (a) early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), (b) late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE), and (c) normal pregnancies. Bioinformatics tools were used to compare the miRNA profiles across these groups. A total of 744 miRNAs were detected in placental samples, while 913 miRNAs were found in blood samples. We further analyzed the target genes using protein-protein interaction (PPI) maps to understand how these miRNAs may influence gene functions.

Results: Our analysis revealed significant differences in miRNA expression between the EOPE, LOPE, and control groups. Eight miRNAs were consistently detected in both blood and placental samples across all groups, while other miRNAs were either specific to PE or certain tissue types. The 492 target genes identified formed dense interaction networks, with several key genes occupying central roles.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that altered miRNA expression and the resulting disruption of gene networks may contribute to the development of PE. The distinct differences between EOPE and LOPE indicate that these two subtypes may be driven by different underlying mechanisms. This paves the way for future research to explore new treatments targeting these miRNAs and their associated genes.