This clinical review article aims to describe symptoms and findings in cases of paediatric tracheobronchomalacia to help achieve the correct diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms and signs vary from reduced physical stamina, barking cough, productive cough and gurgling to obstructive episodes or episodes with stridor, which in some cases can be life-threatening. The range of symptoms overlaps with other pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, which increases the risk of misdiagnosis and treatment error. Bronchoscopy is the main diagnostic tool but is resource intensive.