Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Children: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology

Kara M Cavuoto; Rupal H Trivedi; S Grace Prakalapakorn; Julius T Oatts; Sudha Nallasamy; David G Morrison; Stacy L Pineles; Melinda Y Chang

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.09.031

Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Children: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology. 2024 Nov 6:S0161-6420(24)00601-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.09.031. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Kara M Cavuoto¹, Rupal H Trivedi², S Grace Prakalapakorn³, Julius T Oatts⁴, Sudha Nallasamy⁵, David G Morrison⁶, Stacy L Pineles⁷, Melinda Y Chang⁸

Affiliations

¹ Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
² Storm Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
³ Department of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
⁵ The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
⁶ Hess Pediatric Ophthalmology, Saint Petersburg, Florida.
⁷ Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.
⁸ Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

PMID: 39503665
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.09.031

Abstract

Purpose: To review the published literature assessing the efficacy of multifocal soft contact lenses for the treatment of myopia progression in children 18 years of age and younger.

Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database was conducted last in March 2024 and was limited to articles published in English without date restrictions. The search yielded 76 articles, which were reviewed by the primary author in abstract form, and 28 articles were selected for full-text review. Twelve articles were deemed to have met the inclusion criteria and were assigned a level of evidence rating by the panel methodologist. Eleven studies were rated level I and 1 study was rated level II.

Results: All studies showed less myopic progression, with changes in spherical equivalent (SE) ranging from 0.22 to 0.81 diopters (D) for multifocal soft contact lenses compared with 0.50 to 1.45 D in control groups who used single-vision spectacles or single-vision contact lenses over the course of at least 1 year. Additionally, axial elongation was less in the multifocal soft contact lens group compared with control groups, with a change in axial length (AL) of 0.05 to 0.39 mm in treatment groups compared with 0.17 to 0.67 mm in control groups with at least 1 year of follow-up. The difference in change between the groups was clinically modest and statistically significant in 11 studies for SE and in all 12 studies for AL. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the studies.

Conclusions: Level 1 evidence supports slower myopia progression and AL elongation in children who used multifocal soft contact lenses compared with spectacles or single-vision contact lenses over at least 1 year of follow-up. However, few data are available on optimal treatment duration, the progression over longer periods, or progression after discontinuation of the multifocal contact lenses.

Financial disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Keywords: contact lens; defocus; extended depth of focus; myopia; peripheral.