Vaccine coverage by social strata in state capitals in the Brazilian Midwest region: a household survey of children born in 2017 and 2018

Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2024 Nov 1;33(spe2):e20231308. doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231308.especial2.en. eCollection 2024.
[Article in English, Portuguese]

Abstract

Objective: To analyze full vaccination coverage in live births in 2017 and 2018 in the capitals of the Midwest region of Brazil, according to social strata.

Methods: Population-based household survey with cluster sampling. Full coverage in children at 12 and 24 months of age and sociodemographic factors were analyzed.

Results: 5,715 children were analyzed. Full coverage at 12 months of age was 67.9% (95%CI 65.4;70.4), while at 24 months it was 48.2% (95%CI 45.3;51.1). Pneumococcal vaccine had the highest vaccination coverage (91.3%), while the second dose of rotavirus vaccine had the lowest (74.2%). In Campo Grande, no vaccine reached coverage above 90%, with BCG (82.9%) and hepatitis B (82.1%) standing out. Campo Grande and Brasília had the worst vaccination coverage in the high social stratum (24 months of age).

Conclusion: Vaccination coverage in the Midwest was below 80%, falling short of the recommended target and associated with socioeconomic factors.

Objetivo: Evaluar la cobertura vacunal completa en nacidos vivos en 2017 y 2018, en las capitales de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil, según estrato social.

Métodos: Encuesta poblacional de hogares con muestreo por conglomerados. Se analizó la cobertura vacunal completo de niños de 12 y 24 meses de edad e indicadores sociodemográficos.

Resultados: Se analizaron 5.715 niños. La cobertura vacunal completa a los 12 meses de edad fue de 67,9% (IC95% 65,4;70,4) y a los 24 meses de edad fue de 48,2% (IC95% 45,3;51,1). La cobertura vacunal más alta fue de la vacuna antineumocócica (91,3%) y la más baja fue la segunda dosis de la vacuna contra rotavirus (74,2%). En Campo Grande, ninguna vacuna logró coberturas superiores al 90%, destacándose la vacuna BCG (82,9%) y la hepatitis B (82,1%). Campo Grande y Brasilia tuvieron las peores coberturas vacunales en el estrato social alto (24 meses de edad).

Conclusión: La cobertura vacunal en la región Centro-Oeste fue inferior al 80%, por debajo de la meta recomendada y asociada a factores socioeconómicos.

Plain language summary

Main results: Vaccination coverage at 24 months old among the Midwest state capitals ranged between 39.9% in Campo Grande and 54.5% in Brasília. All vaccination coverage was below the target recommended by the National Immunization Program.

Implications for services: The results found point to the urgent need for planning actions aimed at improving vaccination coverage with targeted approaches, considering social strata and vaccines with lower vaccination coverage.

Perspectives: Future research that investigates vaccination coverage in the Midwest region may assist in understanding the low vaccination coverage found for most recommended vaccines, especially in the first 24 months of life.

MeSH terms

  • Brazil
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunization Programs / statistics & numerical data
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Socioeconomic Factors*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Vaccination Coverage* / statistics & numerical data
  • Vaccination* / statistics & numerical data

Grants and funding

Brazilian Ministry of Health Department of Science and Technology and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (File No. 404131), grantholder José Cássio de Moraes.