Quantitative analysis of three bioactive components of Biancaea decapetala extracts in rat plasma and RAW264.7 cells using UPLC-MS/MS and its application to comparative pharmacokinetics in normal and diseased states

Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O.Deg. (Fabaceae), traditionally utilized by the Hmong for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has its pharmacokinetic behavior under disease conditions largely unexplored. In view of this, a UPLC-MS/MS method was established for the determination of protosappanin B (PTB), protosappanin B-3-O-β-D-glucoside (PTD), and 3-deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), key bioactive components of the herb, in rat plasma and RAW264.7 cells to explore the effect of disease state on the pharmacokinetic profiles changes of these three components in vitro and in vivo. These components were detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) process in positive and negative mode. Each calibration curve had a high R² value of > 0.99. The intra- and inter-day precisions of PTD, PTB, 3-DSC were all < 15 %, and accuracy ranged from 85 % to 115 %. The RSD values pertaining to stability, recovery, matrix effect, and stability remained below 15.0 %. It was successfully applied for the investigation of the pharmacokinetics of these three components in rat plasma and RAW264.7 cells after administration of Biancaea decapetala extracts (BDE). In rat pharmacokinetic experiments, significant differences were observed in the AUC_(0-t), MRT_(0-t), and Cl_z/F values of PTD, PTB, 3-DSC between adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) and normal rats. In cellular pharmacokinetic experiments, comparison with the normal group revealed increased AUC_(0-t) and MRT_(0-t) for these three components in the LPS-induced inflammatory cell model, along with decreased Cl_z/F, which was consistent with in vivo experimental outcomes. These findings suggest an increased absorption rate and a decreased elimination rate of the three components of BDE in AA rats and inflammatory cells, indicating a potential alteration in the rate and extent of drug metabolism. This study provided a theoretical reference for further clarification of its pharmacodynamic basis.