Mapping the expression and functional landscape of key enzymes in glucose metabolism within human gynecological tumors

Gynecological tumors, primarily ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer (CC), and endometrial cancer (EC), have a significant global impact on women's health, characterized by high mortality rates. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of altered glucose metabolism in the initiation and progression of these malignancies. Glucose metabolism, encompassing glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), among others, is intricately governed by a spectrum of key enzymes. These enzymes drive metabolic reprogramming essential for tumor growth and survival, thereby influencing patient outcomes and clinical management strategies. However, the comprehensive characterization and summary of the expression profiles, regulatory networks involved, and functional roles of these glucose metabolic enzymes in human gynecological tumors remain incomplete. In this review, we systematically map the expression landscape of these critical glucose metabolic enzymes in gynecological cancers based on research utilizing clinical gynecological tumor tissues. Additionally, we summarize the specific functions of key enzymes of glucose metabolism and the pathways they regulate in gynecological tumors. This review provides profound insights into the metabolic dynamics underlying these diseases. This understanding illuminates the metabolic strategies employed by tumor cells and sets the stage for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting cancer cell glucose metabolic dependencies, thereby holding promise for enhancing patient outcomes in gynecological oncology.