Skin Surface Lipid-RNA Profile Obtained from Patients with Severe Asthma After Benralizumab Treatment

Background: Examining human coding and non-coding RNAs present in skin surface lipids (SSL-RNAs) offers a promising approach to understanding the physiological state of the skin. Benralizumab treatment can reduce exacerbations and improve symptom control and quality of life in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Although this treatment effectively depletes peripheral blood eosinophils, the impact of benralizumab on SSL-RNA remains completely unknown.

Objective: To investigate the effects of benralizumab treatment on SSL-RNA profiles in patients with severe asthma.

Methods: Skin samples were non-invasively collected from patients before and after one year of benralizumab treatment. Sixteen patients were enrolled, but the SSL-RNA analysis was only feasible for five patients due to collection challenges, mainly in female participants.

Results: Following benralizumab treatment, asthma symptoms, exacerbation rates, and lung function parameters improved. Peripheral blood eosinophils were completely depleted and serum eotaxin-1 levels increased. SSL-RNA analysis revealed differential expression of 134 genes, with significant downregulation of immune-related pathways and genes associated with neutrophilic inflammation.

Conclusion: These findings suggest a suppression of both type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation in response to benralizumab treatment, with potential implications for asthma management. However, the limitations of the study include a small sample size and challenges in sebum collection, particularly among female participants. Although the noninvasive nature of this sampling method makes it attractive for both research and clinical applications, additional studies are needed to fully investigate the potential of SSL-RNA analysis as a noninvasive biomarker to assess treatment response in asthma.