Real-time experiences of racism and stress in association with postpartum weight retention: A longitudinal ecological momentary assessment study

Racial inequities in postpartum weight have been documented with limited studies on the influences of racism and other forms of discrimination. In a prospective longitudinal study applying ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and ambulatory assessment of weight, we measured the association between discrimination, stress and postpartum weight change. The Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (PMOMS) is a cohort of 313 pregnant and birthing individuals who were followed during their second and third trimester through 1 year postpartum. They were recruited in clinical settings between 2017-2020 in a major city center in Pennsylvania. Measures of racism and gender-based discrimination were collected via random EMA surveys throughout pregnancy and postpartum; and weight was collected via blue-tooth enabled scales at least weekly. Among Black participants, a 10% increase in the number of days a participant experienced racial discrimination in the past month was associated with retaining 0.3 more pounds; 10% increase in EMA gender discrimination was associated with retaining 0.4 more pounds; and EMA stress reported in the past month was associated with decreased weight retention. Chronic experiences of racial and gender discrimination may contribute to weight retention immediately after pregnancy and beyond.