Factors influencing bloodstream infections after immunosuppressive therapy in patients with aplastic anemia: a logistic regression analysis

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for bloodstream infection after immunosuppressive therapy in patients with aplastic anemia using logistic regression.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data from 70 patients with aplastic anemia admitted to the People's Hospital of Zitong County and the Infectious Disease Hospital in Jiangyou City from March 2011 to March 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they developed an infection after treatment: the infection group (n = 18) and the non-infection group (n = 52). Risk factors for bloodstream infection following immunosuppressive therapy were analyzed, and the predictive value of independent risk factors was assessed.

Results: Univariate analysis identified age, diabetes, disease severity, albumin levels, neutrophil count, and concurrent infections before treatment as significant risk factors for bloodstream infection following immunosuppressive therapy (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis further confirmed that age, diabetes, disease severity, albumin levels, and neutrophil count were independent risk factors for bloodstream infection (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that age, diabetes, disease severity, albumin levels, and neutrophil count had area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.678, 0.728, 0.698, 0.740, and 0.739, respectively, in predicting bloodstream infection after immunosuppressive therapy. The sensitivity values were 65.39%, 78.85%, 67.31%, 67.31%, and 76.92%, respectively, while the specificity values were 72.22%, 66.67%, 72.22%, 77.78%, and 61.11%, respectively.

Conclusion: Age, diabetes, disease severity, albumin levels, and neutrophil count are key factors influencing bloodstream infection after immunosuppressive therapy in patients with aplastic anemia. These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring of these factors during immunosuppressive therapy to reduce the risk of bloodstream infection.