Volatile sulfur compounds and salivary parameters in patients undergoing head and neck cancer treatment: a preliminary study

Background: Treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often associated with various adverse effects, including changes in salivary parameters and complaints of halitosis. This study aimed to investigate changes in volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels and salivary parameters in patients undergoing treatment for HNSCC.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted at a Brazilian oncology center, where a convenience sample of 24 HNSCC patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were evaluated for VSC levels, salivary flow, pH, viscosity, dry mouth, and tongue coating. Assessments were performed at the beginning and end of antineoplastic therapy. VSC levels were measured using an Oral Chroma^TM gas chromatograph. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically.

Results: No significant changes were found in overall VSC levels. However, a statistically significant reduction in salivary flow (p<0.001) and pH (p=0.017) and an increase in salivary viscosity (p=0.037) were noted post-treatment. Patients who reported halitosis after treatment exhibited significantly higher hydrogen sulfide levels (p=0.045). Tongue coating and VSC levels showed no significant changes.

Conclusion: Treatment for HNSCC results in reduced salivary flow, altered pH, and increased salivary viscosity. Although self-reported halitosis correlates with elevated hydrogen sulfide levels post-treatment, no significant changes in overall VSC concentrations were observed.