New Insights Into The Melanin Structure Of Lomentospora prolificans

Lomentospora prolificans is a filamentous fungus with a global distribution, manifesting particularly higher prevalence in human-impacted environments. This organism is associated with a wide spectrum of human infections, especially in immunosuppressed individuals, for whom it causes severe and debilitating illnesses with high morbidity and mortality that are compounded by its pan-resistant profile with respect to antifungal drugs. Melanin is a ubiquitous pigment among fungi with a broad range of actions that include promoting fungal virulence. Although melanin is one of the most studied virulence factors in pathogenic fungi, relatively little is known about the chemistry of this pigment in L. prolificans. In the current study we characterized L. prolificans-associated melanin using chemical, biological, biophysical and structural techniques, also assessing the impact of inhibitors of distinct melanization pathways. Our results reveal that this pathogenic fungus makes multiple types of melanin pigments and suggests the possibility of a new type of melanin, which is synthesized together with a mixture of DHN-, DOPA- and pyomelanin types. These insights enhance our understanding of L. prolificans' virulence mechanisms, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.