Potential Targets and Signaling Mechanisms of Cinnamaldehyde Enhancing Intestinal Function and Nutritional Regulation in Fat Greenling (Hexagrammos otakii)

Yixin Gu; Yu Zhan; Yafeng Guo; Wenyuan Hua; Xin Qi; Zhizhi Gu; Shengnan Cao; Yan Chen; Zhuang Xue; Wei Wang

doi:10.1155/2024/5566739

Potential Targets and Signaling Mechanisms of Cinnamaldehyde Enhancing Intestinal Function and Nutritional Regulation in Fat Greenling (Hexagrammos otakii)

Aquac Nutr. 2024 Apr 5:2024:5566739. doi: 10.1155/2024/5566739. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yixin Gu^{1

2}, Yu Zhan^{1

2}, Yafeng Guo^{1

2}, Wenyuan Hua^{1

2}, Xin Qi^{1

2}, Zhizhi Gu^{1

2}, Shengnan Cao^{1

2}, Yan Chen^{1

2}, Zhuang Xue^{1

2

3}, Wei Wang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
² College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.

Abstract

Cinnamaldehyde is an ideal feed additive with good immune enhancement and anti-inflammatory regulation effects. However, the anti-inflammatory regulation mechanism in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii, H. otakii) remains unclear. The nine targets of cinnamaldehyde were gathered in identified by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Uniprot database, and 1,320 intestinal inflammation disease (IIF)-related proteins were screened from DrugBank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Genecards, and Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PHARMGKB) Databases. According to the Gene Ontology enrichment results and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway results, cinnamaldehyde may regulated the responses to bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, an inflammatory cytokine, and external stimuli via the nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) signaling pathway within on inflammatory network. In addition, the protein-protein interaction analysis assisted in obtaining the closely related inflammatory regulatory proteins, including the C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 (C5aR1), transcription factor p65 (RELA), prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which were confirmed as the bottleneck nodes of the network to be more deeply verified via the molecular docking. Moreover, a cinnamaldehyde feeding model was established for evaluating the anti-inflammatory effect of cinnamaldehyde in vivo. According to the current findings implied that cinnamaldehyde may play a protective role against IIF H. otakii by reducing inflammation through the C5 complement (C5)/C5aR1/interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TLR4/NFκB/PTGS2 pathway. The study focused on investigating the action mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on IIF through combining pharmacology and experimental verification in vivo, which provided a fresh perspective on the promoting effect of cinnamaldehyde on IIF in fish.